The Gold Report: In honor of Labor Day, let’s discuss unemployment. You estimated that when all workers are counted, the unemployment rate in July was 23% compared to the government’s reported rate of 5.4%. What is different about the job market today than before the recession?
John Williams: In a normal economic recovery, people who have lost their jobs start working again as the economy improves. That hasn’t happened this time, at least not to the extent suggested by a 5.4% unemployment rate (U3), where the government’s headline definition of “unemployed” is quite narrow. To be counted among the headline unemployed, you have to be out of work and actively to have looked for work in the last four weeks. If you want a job, but have given up looking, the government counts you as a “discouraged worker” or “marginally attached worker” and you don’t show up in the headline number.
If you haven’t looked for work in more than a year, even if you would like to work, then the government just doesn’t count you in even its broadest measure of unemployment (U6); you just disappear from any of the unemployment measures. As a result, when the government says that 200,000 fewer people are unemployed in a month, and the headline unemployment rate drops, often there isn’t an increase of 200,000 people who are re-employed. They just have been defined out of existence. My broad unemployment estimate includes those no longer tracked by the government, those who cannot find a job, who have given up looking for work for more than a year because nothing is available, yet they still would like to find a job, even though they may be doing other things—like taking care of grandkids. That broader unemployment number is around 23%.
TGR: Have the types of jobs changed? …read more